NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

TREES

Codes:  Soil –
D = dry; M = moist; W = wet    Light – S = sun; PS = part sun
or shade; Sh = Shade    *Keep away from sewer and septic lines

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Alder,
Red*

Alnus
rubra

40-60
ft

M/W

S/PS

Fixes
nitrogen in the soil; catkins

Alder,
Sitka*

Alnus
viridis

30
ft.

M/W

S

Interior
Rain Forest /Riparian

Improves
soil by adding organic matter and nitrogen; catkins

Aspen*,
Quaking

Populus
tremuloides

90
ft.

M/D

S

Aspen
Grove

Golden
fall color; spreads by root runners; gray-white smooth bark

Birch,
Paper*

Betula
papyrifera

50-70
ft.

M

S

Wetland

Yellow
fall foliage; white peeling bark

Birch,
Water*

Betula
occidentalis

13-26
ft.

W

S/PS

Wetland

Streambank
stabilization; pinkish, non-peeling bark

Cottonwood*,
Black

Populus
trichocarpa

150-180
ft.

M/W

S

Sticky,
red seed cases; good for erosion control on banks; attracts birds

Fir,
Douglas; Red

Pseudotsuga
menziesii

150
ft.

D/M

S/PS

Shade
tolerant; well drained soil; pyramidal shape

Fir,
Grand; White

Abies
grandis

100
ft.

M/D

S/PS

Fragile
erect cones at top of tree; fragrant foliage

Fir,
Subalpine

Abies
lasiocarpa

60-105
ft.

M

S/Sh

Subalpine

Dark-green
needles with whitish-lines; drought and heat intolerant; narrow,
slow-growing; red-purple cones at top

Hemlock,
Western

Tsuga
heterophylla

120-150
ft.

M

Sh

Interior
rain forest

Needs
shade when young; thick, acidic, humus soil

Larch,
Western; Tamarack

Larix
occidentalis

100-200
ft.

D/M

S

Young
Forest

Golden
fall color; deciduous, erect, slender

Maple,
Rocky Mountain

Acer
glabrum

20
– 30 ft.

M/D

S/PS

Young
Forest

Shrubby
multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year

Pine,
Ponderosa; Yellow, Bull

Pinus
ponderosa

140
ft.

D/M

S

Young
Forest

3
needles per sheaf; dry open sites; fire resistant

Pine,
Western White

Pinus
monticola

230
ft.

D/M

S

Young
Forest

Idaho
State Tree; five needles per sheaf; good specimen tree

Redcedar,
Western

Thuja
plicata

100-120
ft.

M

PS/Sh

Moist
Forest

Evergreen-scale-like
leaves; aromatic; red-brown bark; rich, moist soil

Spruce,
Engelmann

Picea
engelmannii

75-120
ft.

M

PS

Subalpine

Blue-green,
stiff, evergreen needles; slow growing

SHRUBS

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Alder,
Wavy leaf*

Alnus
viridis ssp.
Sinuata

10
ft.

May-July

M

S/PS

Forms
thicket; fast growing; fixes nitrogen

Birch,
Bog, Scrub*

Betula
nana

3-10
ft.

Feb-June

W

S/PS

Deep
orange in the fall; acidic soil; spreading

Buffalo
Berry

Shepherdia
canadensis

3-13
ft.

May-July

D/M

S/PS

Dry
Forest

Small
yellow flowers; orange to red berries: fixes nitrogen

Cascara,
Buckthorn

Frangula
purshiana

up
to 30 ft.

Jun-July

M/W

Sh

Small,
yellow flower clusters; black fruit; silvery gray bark; deciduous

Ceanothus,
Shiny Leafed

Ceanothus
velutinus var.

2
ft.

D/M

S

Small
white flowers in pyramidal clusters; good browes

Chokecherry,
Common

Prunus
virginiana

3-12
ft.

Apr-May

D

S

Meadow/
Medicinal

White
flowers; grows in rocky soil; fast growing; showy fruit; attracts birds

Cranberry,
Highbush

Viburnum
edule 

1.5
to10 ft

M/W

PS/Sh

Clusters
of white flowers., red berries, likes rich organic soil

Devil’s
club

Oplopanax
horridus

3-10
ft.

May-June

M

Sh

Interior
Rain Forest

Creamy
white flowers; beautiful red berries in fall; very spiny

Dogwood,
Red Osier

Cornus
sericea

3-6
ft.

May-July

M/W

S/PS

Interior
Rain Forest

Greenish-white
flower clusters;white berries; red twigs

Elderberry,
Blue

Sambucus
nigra var.
cerulea

6-12
ft.

M

S

Riparian

Clusters
of white flowers; grows along watercourses; powdery blue edible fruit; fast
growing

Hawthorn,
Black

Crataegus
douglasii var.

6
to 25 ft.

May-June

D/W

S

White
flower cluster; small black fruit; thorny; soil & stream stabilization

Hazelnut,
Beaked

Corylus
cornuta

3-12
ft.

M

S/Sh

Edible
nuts; yellow, fall color; stream banks; well-drained soil

Huckleberry,
Fool’s; False Azalea

Menziesia
ferruginea

up
to 9 ft.

M

S/Sh

Tiny,
pinkish-yellow flowers, blue-green foliage; crimson-orange fall foliage;
acidic, humus soil

Huckleberry,
Oval-leaf

Vaccinium
ovalifolium

to
6 ft

M/W

S

Subalpine

White
to pink flowers; edible blue-black berries; red fall foliage

Huckleberry,
Thinleaf

Vaccinium
membranaceum

to
4.5 ft

M/D

S

Subalpine

White
to pink flowers; purple to reddish-black berries; red fall foliage

Juniper,
Rocky Mountain

Juniperus
scopulorum

3-30
ft.

D

S

Grayish-green;
gray-blue berries; knotty, twisted trunk; rocky sites

Kinnikinnick

Arctostaphylos
uva-ursi

6-10
in.

D

S/PS

Paths

Urn-shaped
flowers, red berries; evergreen shiny leaves

Maple,
Rocky Mountain

Acer
glabrum var.

20-30
ft.

M/D

S/PS

Young
Forest

Shrubby
multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year

Mountain
Ash, Sitka

Sorbus
sitchensis var.

3-15
ft.

June-July

M

S/PS

White
flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berries

Mountain
Ash, Western

Sorbus
scopulina
var. scopulina

3-13
ft.

May-July

D/M

S/PS

White
flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berries

Mountain
Lover, Myrtle Boxwood, False Boxwood

Pachistima
myrsinites

1-2
ft.

May-June

M

PS

Berm

Tiny
maroon flowers; good deer browse; evergreen;

Ninebark,
Mallow

Physocarpus
malvaceus

to
6 ft

May-June

D/M

S

Dry
Rock

 White
flowers; leaves hairy on both sides; peeling bark; rocky soil

Ocean
Spray

Holodiscus
discolor

3-10
ft.

June-Aug

D/M

S/PS

Dry
Forest

Foamy,
creamy-white flower clusters; arching stems; sandy to gravelly soil

Oregon
Grape, Cascade

Mahonia
nervosa

6-24
in.

Spring

D/M

PS/Sh

Path

Yellow
flowers; shiny leaves; evergreen; dark berries

Oregon
Grape, Creeping

Mahonia
repens

6-12
in.

Apr/June

D/M

S

Path

Bright
yellow flower clusters; blue berries; holly-like, evergreen leaves

Oregon
Grape, Tall

Mahonia
aquifolium

8-48
in.

May/June

D/M

S

Path

Yellow
flower clusters; prickly, evergreen leaves; blue berries; drought resistant;
rich soil;

Penstemon,
Shrubby

Penstemon
fruticosus

to
15 in.

June-Aug

D

S

Dry
Rock

Flowers
blue-lavender to purple, rocky soil

Rose,
Baldhip

Rosa
gymnocarpa var.

1-4
ft.

June-July

D/M

S

Small
pink flowers; small scarlet hips

Rose,
Nootka

Rosa
nutkana var.

3-6
ft.

May-July

M

S

Dry
Rock

Large
pastel pink flowers; large, red hips

Rose,
Pearhip

Rosa
woodsii var.

3-6
ft.

May-July

D

S

Dry
Rock /Medicinals

Pink
flowers; large, dark red hips; spreads well.

Rose,
Prickly

Rosa
acicularis var.

3-6
ft.

June-Aug

M

S

Pink
flowers; very spiny

Service
Berry; Saskatoon

Amelanchier
alnifolia var.

6-30
ft.

May-June

M/D

S

Young
Forest

White
flowers; dark blue berries; attracts birds

Snowberry

Symphoricarpos
albus

4
ft.

May-Aug

D

S

Path

Pink
flowers, white berries (poisonous) persist through winter;

Spiraea,
Birch-Leaved

Spiraea
betulifolia var.

10″-24″

June-July

M/D

S

Meadow/Moist
Forest

White
flowers in dense flat clusters; easy to grow

Spiraea,
Douglas, Pink

Spiraea
douglasii var.

4
ft.

June-July

M/W

S

Riparian/Rain
Forest

Pink
to deep rose, dense, elongate clusters; easy to grow

Sumac;
Smooth

Rhus
glabra

3-9
ft.

June-July

D

S

Dry
Rock

White
flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color-leaves & berries

Syringa,
Mockorange

Philadelphus
lewisii

3-9
ft.

May-July

M

S/PS

Young
Forest

White,
fragrant flowers; Idaho state flower; grows in open forests

Thimbleberry

Rubus
parviflorus

1
1/2-7 ft.

 May-July

D/M

PS/Sh

Dry
Rock

White
flowers; edible fruit; spreads by rhizomes

Twinberry,
Black; Bearberry

Lonicera
involucrata

3-9
ft.

June-July

M/W

S/PS

Yellow
flowers clusters; black berries in fall; boggy soil

Twinberry,
Red; Utah Honeysuckle

Lonicera
utahensis

3-6
ft.

May-July

M

S/PS

Moist
Forest

Twin,
yellow flowers. followed by twin red berries

Willow,
Bebb’s*

Salix
bebbiana

1-15
ft.

W

S/PS

White
catkins; grows in seeps

Willow,
Drummond*

Salix
drummondiana

6-12
ft.

M

S/PS

Long,
oval-shaped leaves; tolerates poor soil; moist, water’s edge  

Willow,
Geyer’s*

Salix
geyeriana

4-15
ft.

M

S

Catkins;
holds shorelines

Willow,
Pacific*

Salix
lasiandra

3-27
ft.

W

S

Pale
yellow catkins; medium shrub or small tree; holds shorelines

Willow,
Sandbar*

Salix
exigua

to
12ft.

May-June

W

S

Grows
on sandbars

Willow,
Scouler*

Salix
scouleriana

7-33
ft.

D/M

S

Young
Forest

Erect,
clumped growth

PERENNIALS

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Alumroot,
Round-Leafed

Heuchera
cylindrica var.

6-20
in.

May-Aug.

D

S

Dry
Rock/Meadow

Cream
flowers on spike-like clusters

Arnica,
Broadleaf 

Arnica
latifolia var.

3-20
in.

All
Summer

M

S/PS

Medicinal
Garden

Bright
yellow ray flowers

Arnica,
Heart-Leaved

Arnica
cordifolia

3-20
in.

May-Aug

M

S/PS

Medicinal
Garden

Yellow,
daisy-like flowers; leaves similar to trail plant

Aster,
Showy

Eurybia
conspicua

1-3
ft.

July-Sept

D/M

PS/Sh

Young
Forest

Blue
to violet ray flowers with yellow centers; loamy soil; grows under pines

Aster,
Smooth Blue

Aster
laevis

4-10
in.

July-Sept

D/M

S

Rose-purple
to blue or violet, yellow center

Balsamroot,
Arrowleaf 

Balsamorhiza
sagittata

12-18
in.

May-June

D

S/PS

Dry
Rock

Very
showy, daisy type yellow flower; well drained soil

Beargrass

Xerophyllum
tenax

stems
to 4.5 ft

May-Aug

M

S

Subalpine

Creamy
flower cluster on tall stem; grass-like leaves in clumps; lily family 

Bedstraw,
Fragrant

Galium
triflorum

8-39
in.

May-June

M/W

PS/Sh

Tiny
white flowers; reseeds; peat soil

Bergamot,
Wild Beebalm

Monarda
fistulosa

8-28
in.

June-Aug

M/D

S/PS

Pink/purple
flowers; large clumps; rhizomes; a mint; sand to loam soil

Biscuitroot,
Fern-leaved

Lomatium
dissectum

to
5 ft.

Apr-June

D

S/PS

Yellow
or purple flowers; rocky soil

Biscuitroot,
Nine-leaf

Lomatium
triternatum

8-32
in.

Spring

D

S

Yellow
flowers; likes rocky soil

Biscuitroot,
Salt & Pepper; Gorman’s Desert-Parsley

Lomatium
gormanii

4-10
in.

Early
Spring

D/M

PS

Small
white flowers (salt) w purple anthers (pepper); east exposure

Bitterroot

Lewisia
rediviva

2-3
in.

Apr-July

D/M

S

Showy
pink flower; well drained rocky soil

Blanketflower

Gaillardia
aristata

8-27
in.

June-July

D

S

Young
Forest

Flowers
yellow to maroon; reseeds; well-drained soil; tolerates heat

Bluebell,
Long-flowered or Mountain

Mertensia
longiflora

5-8
in.

Apr/June

M

S/PS

Pink,
clustered, bell shaped flowers turn blue

Bluebells

Campanula
rotundifolia

6-20
in.

All
Summer

D

S

Dry
Rock

Purplish-blue,
bell-shaped flowers on thin, wiry stems; well drained soil

Buckwheat,
Cushion

Eriogonum
ovalifolium

2-6
in.

May-Aug

D

S

Creamy
white flower cluster; mat-forming, gray-green leaves

Buckwheat,
Sulphur

Eriogonum
umbellatum

2-12
in.

June-Aug

D

S

Creamy
white flower cluster often tinged with red or purple; mat-forming, gray-green
leaves

Buttercup,
Little

Ranunculus
uncinatus

6-24
in.

Early
Summer

M/W

S/Sh

Small
pale yellow flowers

Buttercup,
Sagebrush

Ranunculus
glaberrimus var.

2-8
in.

Early
Spring

D/M

S/PS

Yellow
flowers; coniferous forests; vanishes in mid-summer

Camas,
Common

Camassia
quamash

12
in.

Apr/July

M

S/PS

Riparian

Several
blue-purple flowers per stem; like coarse grass; wet spring & dry summer
soil

Cattail,
Common

Typha
latifolia

stems
to 6 ft

W

S

Riparian

Dark
brown blossoms become cottony when mature; organic soil; wet feet; rhizomes

Cinquefoil,
Graceful

Potentilla
gracilis var.

1-2
ft.

Late
Spring

D

S/PS

Yellow
flowers; 5-fingered leaves; looks like “marijuana leaf”

Cinquefoil,
Sticky

Potentilla
glandulosa var.

6-16
in.

June-Aug

D/M

S/PS

Pale
yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves.

Clarkia,
Pink Fairies

Clarkia
pulchella

2-8
in.

May-June

M/D

S

Pink
flowers; well-drained soil; annual; reseeds

Collomia,
Narrow-leaved

Collomia
linearis

4-15
in.

May-Aug

D/M

S

Small
tubular pink flowers in dense cluster

Columbine,
Red

Aquilegia
formosa

8-28
in.

May-Aug

D/M

S/PS

Dry
Rock

Drooping
red sepals, yellow petals

Columbine,
Yellow

Aquilegia
flavescens

8-30
in.

June-Aug

M

S/PS

Yellow
petals, yellow sepals may be tinged with pink; mountain meadows

Cow
Parsnip

Heracleum
maximum

3-7
ft.

June

M/W

S/Sh

Wetland

White
flower clusters 4-12 in. across; maple-like, showy leaves

Fireweed

Chamerion
angustifolium ssp. angustifolium

1-7
ft.

June-Aug

M

S

Dry
Rock

Large
rose to purple flowers. First to grow after a fire; spreads by rhizomes

Flax,
Blue

Linum
lewisii

2
ft/

May-Sep

D/M

S/PS

Young
Forest

Blue
flowers replace daily; reseeds; very easy to grow

Fleabane,
Daisy

Erigeron
speciosus

4-24
in

May-Aug

D/M

S-PS

Subalpine

Blue
ray flowers with yellow center. Blooms before the asters

Foamflower

Tiarella
trifoliata var.

6-20
in.

June-July

W/M

Sh/PSh

Tiny,
delicate white flowers on wiry stalks

Geranium,
Cranesbill

Geranium
richardsonii

16-35
in.

May-Sept

M

PS/Sh

White
to pinkish flowers

Geranium,
Sticky

Geranium
viscosissimum

16-35
in.

May-Sept

D

S/Sh

Pinkish-purple
flowers; grassy meadows

Goldenrod

Solidago
canadensis var.
salebrosa

12-70
in.

July-Oct

D/M

S/PS

Meadow

Dense
clusters of showy yellow flowers

Grass
Widow

Olsynium
douglasii var.
inflatum

6-10
in.

Early
Spring

M

S/PS

Purple-blue
flowers; iris-like leaves

Groundsel,
Arrowleaf

Senecio
triangularis

1-5
ft.

June-Sept

W

S/PS

Yellow
composite flowers in flat topped heads

Hollyhock,
Mountain

Iliamna
rivularis

3-6
ft.

June-Aug

M

S

Showy
spikes of pink to white flowers; large, maple-like leaves; well-drained soil

Hooker’s
Fairybells

Disporum
hookeri

1-3
ft.

Late
Spring

M/W

S/Sh

Moist
Forest

2-3
creamy flowers hang from stem ends; red berries in fall

Hyacinth,
Wild

Brodiaea
douglasii

6-10
in.

Apr-June

D

S/PS

Blue
flowers clumped at the end of a long stem

Jacob’s
ladder

Polemonium
pulcherrimum

2-15
in.

May-Aug

D/M

S

Blue
flowers; in the Phlox family; reseeds readily

Larkspur,
Montana

Delphinium
bicolor

3-15
in./ 6-24 in.

Apr-July

D/M

S

Stalk
of blue/purple, showy flowers; grassy prairies, coniferous forests

Larkspur,
Nuttall’s

Delphinium
nuttallianum

6-16
in.

D

S/PS

Showy
blue to violet flowers; open forest

Lily,
Columbia; Tiger lily

Lilium
columbianum

2
feet/

Jul/Aug

3

3

Dry
Rock

Orange
flowers with red-purple dots; loose fertile soil; purchase as seed or corms

Lily,
Leopard; Chocolate Lily

Fritillaria
lanceolata

2
1/2 ft

April-June

M

S-PS

Purple-brown
flowers mottled with green. Purchase corms

Lupine,
Silky

Lupinus
sericeus

8-24
in.

Spring

D

S

Meadow

Deep
blue/purple flowers on erect stems

Lupine,
Silvery

Lupinus
argenteus

4-16
in.

Spring

D/M

S/PS

Meadow

Violet/blue
flowers on erect stems; clumps

Meadowrue,
Western

Thalictrum
occidentale

1-3
ft.

M

S

Small
white flowers in loose clusters at top of stems

Miner’s
Lettuce

Claytonia
perfoliata (Montia perfoliata)

2-12
in.

Apr-July

M

PS/Sh

White
to pink nodding flowers in a cluster above leaf disk

Miner’s
lettuce, Heart-leaved

Claytonia
cordifolia

4-12
in.

May-Sept

W

PS

Moist
Forest

Small
white flowers with pink veins; grows along streams

Monkey
Flower, Yellow

Mimulus
guttatus

3
-36 in.

Summer

W

S/Sh

Yellow
flowers; grows along streams

Nightshade,
Dwarf Enchanter’s

Circaea
alpina

4-20
in.

M/W

Sh

Tiny
flowers: showy leaves; cool, damp forest or wetland sites

Onion,
Pink nodding

Allium
cernuum

4
– 20 in.

June-July

D

S/PS

Medicinal

Pink
to rose purple flowers; spreads by clumping

Pearly
Everlasting

Anaphalis
margaritacea

1-3
ft.

July-Oct

D/M

S

Dry
Rock

White
flowers in dense clustered heads; good dried flower

Phalicia,
Threadleaf

Phacelia
linearis

3-20
in.

May-July

D

S

Lavender-blue
flowers; annual; reseeds

Prairie
Smoke

Geum
triflorum

4-12
in.

May-July

D/M

S/Sh

Dry
Rock

Pink
to red flowers, lacy leaves; plumed seed pods; gravelly soil

Prince’s
Pine

Chimaphila
umbellata

1
ft.

June-Aug

M

S/PS

Pink
flowers on top of long stem; evergreen, rosette leaves

Shooting
star, Woodland

Dodecatheon
pulchellum

6-16
in.

Apr-Aug

M

S/Sh

2-15
pink flowers per stem; likes moist humus-rich soil

Skunk
Cabbage

Lysichiton
americanus

1-3
ft.

Apr-July

W

PS/Sh

Wetland

Spike
of tiny yellow flowers surrounded by a yellow hood; bogs

Solomon’s-Seal,
False

Maianthemum
racemosum

1-3
ft.

Apr-July

M

PS/Sh

White
flowers; red berries; spreads by rhizomes

Solomon’s-Seal,
Star-flowered 

Maianthemum
stellatum

8-24
in.

May-June

M

S/PS

Small
white flowers; rhizomes; moist, open forest

Stonecrop

Sedum
stenopetalum

2-8
in.

May-Aug

D

S/PS

Star-shaped,
bright-yellow flowers, grows on well drained rocky slopes.

Sweet
Cicely, Western

Osmorhiza
berteroi, Osmorhiza purpurea

16-48
in.

Apr-July

M

Sh

Yellow
or white flowers in groups; black, needle-shaped seeds; licorice aroma; rich
soil

Trailplant,
Pathfinder

Adenocaulon
bicolor

Up
to 3 ft.

June-Sept

M

Sh

Tiny
white flowers on multiple wispy stems; leaves light color underneath

Trillium

Trillium
ovatum

1
ft.

Mar-June

M/W

Sh/PSh

Moist
Forest

Three
broad white petals on showy flower; three leaves

Twisted
Stalk

Streptopus
amplexifolius

1-3
ft.

May-June

M

PS/Sh

Greenish-white,
bell-shaped flowers hang down from underside of leaves; red berries in fall

Valerian,
Sitka

Valeriana
sitchensis

1-3
ft.

June-Aug

M

S/PS

Pale
pink fading to white flowers; feathery seed plumes; rhizomes

Violet,
Early Blue

Viola
adunca var.

4
in

Apr-Aug

D/M

S/PS

Dry
Rock

Blue
or purple flower

Violet,
Round-leaf

Viola
orbiculata

to
2 in

Apr-July

M

S/PS

Moist
Forest

Yellow
flower

Violet,
Stream or Pioneer

Viola
glabella

2
to 7.5 in

Apr-July

M/W

S/PS

Moist
Forest

Yellow
flower; streams and seeps

Waterlily,
Yellow

Nuphar
lutea ssp.
polysepala

4-18
in.

Summer

W

S/Sh

Large,
yellow flowers and large leaves float on the surface of ponds 2-10 ft. deep
or slow streams

Woodland
Star; Prairie Star

Lithophragma
parviflorum var.

8-20
in.

Apr-June

M

S/PS

Small,
white flower

Yarrow

Achillea
millefolium

6
– 24 in.

Aug
– Oct

D/M

S

White
flowers; leaves fern-like; re-seeds aggressively; fragrant

Yellow
Bell

Fritillaria
pudica

3-12
in.

 Apr-June

D

S/PS

Nodding
yellow flowers. Purchase corms

FERNS

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Brittle
Bladder (Fragile) Fern

Crystopteris
fragilis

4-12
in.

D

S

Rocky
sites; foothills to alpine

Cliff
Fern

Woodsia
scopulina

to
10 in

D

PS

Rocky
soil; dry cliffs; talus slopes

Sword
Fern, Common

Polystichum
munitum

2-4
ft.

D/M

Sh

Interior
Rain Forest

Rich
soil; large clumps of leathery, deep-green fronds

Crested
Shieldfern

Dryopteris
cristata

12-25
in.

M/W

PS/Sh

Interior
Rain Forest

Wet
woods; evergreen

Lady
Fern

Athyrium
filix-femina

2-5
ft.

M

PS/Sh

Interior
Rain Forest

Leaves
in vase-like clusters; spreads well by rhizomes

Oak
Fern

Gymnocarpium
dryopteris

3-14
in.

M

Sh

Spreads
well by rhizomes; well-drained, acidic soil

Oregon
Woodsia; Western Cliff Fern

Woodsia
oregana

to
7.5 in

D

PS

Rocky
soil; dry cliffs; rocky slopes; clusters of leaves

Parsley
Fern, Rockbreak

Cryptogramma
acrostichoides

4-12
in.

M

S

Open,
well-drained, rocky sites; parsley-like leaf clusters; evergreen

GRASSES,
RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Blue
Wildrye

Elymus
glaucus

2-3
ft.

June-Aug

M/D

S

Meadow

Blue-green
blades in small clumps; deciduous forest; wildlife forage

Blue-Bunch
Wheatgrass

Pseudoregneria
spicata

2
– 3 ft.

D

S

Perennial
bunch grass, leaves hairy above; drought tolerant

Bulrush,
Hardstem

Scirpus
acutus

2-10
ft.

June-Sept

W

S

Grayish-brown
spiklets and stems; rhizomes; grows in water

Bulrush,
Small-flowered

Scirpus
microcarpus

to
4 ft.

Late
summer

W

S

Wetland
– roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl

Bulrush,
Softstem

Schoenoplectus
tabernaemontani

2-4
ft.

Late
summer

W

S

Wetland
– roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl

Cattail,
Common

Typha
latifolia

stems
to 6 ft

June-Aug

W

S

Riparian

Organic
soil by lakes and streams; rhizomes; blossoms become cottony when mature;
invasive; water purifier

Idaho
Fescue

Festuca
idahoensis

1-3
ft.

D/M

S/PS

Meadow

Bluish-green,
densely tufted bunchgrass; cool, well-drained soil

Sedge,
Beaked

Carex
rostrata

6
– 45 in.

W

S

Large
clumps; rhizomes; wet feet

Sedge,
Water

Carex
aquatilis

3
ft.

W

S/PS

Forms
a dense sod; rhizomes; wet feet

Spikerush,
Creeping

Eleocharis
palustris

4-50
in.

M/W

S

Round
stems; rhizomes; alkaline soil; forms dense stands; tufted; wet feet

Tufted
Hairgrass

Deschampsia
cespitosa

1
1/2 – 2ft.

Spring-
Summer

D/M

S/PS

Riparian

Showy
plumes in late summer and fall; dense clumps; reseeds; deer resistant

Pinegrass

Calamagrostis rubescens

2-3
ft.

June-Aug

D

S/PS

Yellow-green
to purple seed heads; dry coniferous forests; rhizomes

GROUND
COVER

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Blackberry,
Dewberry

Rubus
ursinus

2-3
in.

June

D/M

S

White
flowers; ground hugging trailing shrub; edible berries; prickles

Bunchberry

Cornus
canadensis

2-8
in.

Spring

M

PS

Moist
Forest

White
flowers; bright red berries; evergreen; cool acidic soils; spreads by
rhizomes

Ginger,
Wild

Asarum
caudatum

2-4
in.

Apr.-July

M

Sh

Moist
Forest

Hidden
maroon flowers; fragrant; moist, rich, organic soil

Kinnikinnick

Arctostaphylos
uva-ursi

6-10
in.

D

S/PS

Paths

Urn-shaped
pink flowers, red berries; evergreen

Oregon
Grape, Creeping

Mahonia
repens

6-12
in.

Apr/June

D/M

S

Path

Yellow
flower clusters; blue berries; red leaves in fall; evergreen

Pussytoes,
Rosy

Antennaria
microphylla

2-18
in

June-Aug

M

PS

Subalpine

Pink/white
flowers in tight heads; gray-green leaves form mats; moist forest

Pussytoes,
Woods

Antennaria
racemosa

4-24
in.

May-Aug

D/M

PS/Sh

White
flowers; gray-green leaves form a mat; rhizomes

Self-Heal,
Heal-All

Prunella
vulgaris

4-20
in.

May-Sept.

M

PS/Sh

Pink
to purple flowers in a dense head on short stems; spreads

Strawberry,
Wild

Fragaria
virginiana and
     F. vesca

2-6
in

May-August

D/M

Sh-PS

White
flowers; tasty, edible fruit; spreads easily by runners

Twinflower

Linnaea
borealis

4
inches/

June-Sept

M

S/PS

Moist
Forest

Trumpet-like
nodding pink flowers; fragrant; organic soil

VINES

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Height

Bloom

Moisture

Light

Arboretum

Notes

Clematis,
Western Virgin’s Bower

Clematis
columbiana

2-15
ft. long

May-July

M

Sh

Moist
Forest

Blue
to lavender flowers; feathery, plumed seed pods; plant seed in fall

Clematis,
White Virgin’s Bower

Clematis
ligusticifolia

up
to 60 ft. long

May-Aug

D/M

S/PS

Dry
Rock

Cream-colored
open flower clusters; silvery plumed seed pods; woody vine; well drained soil

Honeysuckle,
Orange

Lonicera
ciliosa

6-18
ft.

May-July

D/M

PS

Arbor

Orange-yellow
flowers; climbs; orange-red berries

Peavine,
Creamy

Lathyrus
ochroleucus

12-40
in

May-July

M/D

S/PS

Cream
colored flowers; rhizomes; rocky, open forests; fixes nitrogen; deciduous